过去分词作状语的条件 过去分词作状语( 二 )


stationed
(驻扎);
lost
/
absorbed
in
(沉溺于);
born
(出身于);
dressed
in
(穿着);
tired
of
(厌烦) 。
Lost
/
Absorbed
in
deep
thought,
he
didn't
hear
the
sound.
因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音 。
Born
in
this
beautiful
town,
he
hates
to
leave
it.
出生于这个美丽的小镇,他不愿离开它 。
二、明确过去分词作状语时的逻辑主语,进一步认识过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致 。例如:
Given
another
hour,
I
can
also
work
out
this
problem.
再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题 。
析:
given
为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语
I
,即
I
被再给一个小时 。
Seen
from
the
top
of
the
hill,
the
city
looks
more
beautiful
to
us.
从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮 。
析:
seen
为过去分词作状语,表“被看”,由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是“我们”,因为“我们”应主动看城市 。
值得注意的是,如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构 。例如:
The
signal
given,
the
bus
started.
信号一发出,汽车就开动了 。
析:
the
signal

given
的逻辑主语,因此主句主语
the
bus
就不是
given
的逻辑主语 。
Her
head
held
high,
she
went
by.
她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去 。
析:
her
head

held
high
的逻辑主语,因此主句主语
she
就不再是
held
high
的逻辑主语 。
三、弄清过去分词作状语的由来,从宏观上把握过去分词作状语
过去分词作状语来源于状语从句 。例如:
Caught
in
a
heavy
rain,
he
was
all
wet.
因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了 。
析:
caught
in
a
heavy
rain
为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句
Because
he
was
caught
in
a
heavy
rain.
Grown
in
rich
soil,
these
seeds
can
grow
fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快 。
析:
grown
in
rich
soil
为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句
If
these
seeds
are
grown
in
rich
soil.
值得注意的是,状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语 。
When
given
a
medical
examination,
you
should
keep
calm.
当你做体格检查时要保持镇定 。
四、明确过去分词作状语的位置 。
过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开 。例如:
He
stood
there
silently,
moved
to
tears.
=
Moved
to
tears,
he
stood
there
silently.
他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶 。
过去分词作状语过去分词done作状语:
(1)时间状语
Asked about his family, he made no answer.
当问到有关他家庭情况时,他没有回答 。
(2)原因状语
Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class.
由于老师对他所做的事情很满意,于是在班上表扬了他 。
(3)条件状语
Given a few more minutes, I'll finish it.
再给几分钟的时间,我就会完成了
(4)让步状语
Trained ten hours a day, he will still be a fool.
即使每天训练十个小时,他也还会是个傻瓜 。
(5)方式/伴随状语
He came in, followed by his secretary.
他走了进来,后面跟着他的秘书 。
(6)结果状语
He fell off a tall tree, his leg broken.
他从树上摔了下来,腿摔断了 。

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