arguement 和arguementation有什么区别？argumentation更为学术化一些，一般是只有在专业文章里面才会用的 。专门说论点以及论证的过程 。
学术上来说，一篇文章可以有几个论点，每一个论点都叫做一个argument，辩论中人们说论点也叫做argument，总之，在学术上来翻译的话，argument就是：论点
argumentation专指论证的过程 。比如说：他的论证有问题 - His argumentation is problematic
也可以说是论证的这个动作，比如说：这个东西我们不需要论证，凭直觉即可 - We need no argumentation here. Instincts will do.
哦，忘记说了，argument通常就是争论的意思，在生活中它的意思就和quarrel差不多，但是没有quarrel那么严重
文章插图
argumentation怎么写Argumentation
Argumentation, or argumentation theory, is the interdisciplinary study of how humans should, can, and do reach conclusions through logical reasoning, that is, claims based, soundly or not, on premises. It includes the arts and sciences of civil debate, dialogue, conversation, and persuasion. It studies rules of inference, logic, and procedural rules in both artificial and real world settings.
Argumentation includes debate and negotiation which are concerned with reaching mutually acceptable conclusions. It also encompasses eristic dialog, the branch of social debate in which victory over an opponent is the primary goal. This art and science is often the means by which people protect their beliefs or self-interests in rational dialogue, in common parlance, and during the process of arguing.
开头段的写法
第一句：背景句（最多2句）【要有个性】
第二句：主题句（题目同义替换）【可以套用模板】
第三句：观点句
主题句的写法：
some people / other people
→proponents/opponents
→those in favour of.../opponents of ...
→advocates/adversaries
→supporters/critics
Specific:
→technophiles/technophobes
→vivisectionists/antivivisectionists
→animal rights activistsanimal rights extremists
→environmentalists
→parents and educators
Think, believe
→suggest, claim, assert
→insist, hold, maintain, argue, contend
→raise the doubt whether…
→be concerned that…
→worry that…
*当观点明显偏向负面的话，不用说正
*当背景句已经说了正面，那么主题句中不用再交代正面
动词形式向名词形式转换
e.g.: some/other people believe…→There is a belief that…
1.There is a perception that… , while a counterargument is that…
2.There is much controversy/a heated debate over whether…
3.It is/has been a controversial/contentious issue/an issue of controversy/debate in our society whether…
4.It has sparked/stirred/aroused much controversy/a heated debate in our society whether…
*以上用于引出反方观点
5.There is some concern about…/over whether…*比较温柔
背景句的写法：
1.交代主题句产生的原因【常用】
2.人们熟知的社会现象【常用】
3.引用名人事例
4.交代事物的另一方面【常用】
5.下定义【常用】
6.引出一方观点
例1：Some people who have been successful in society don’t attribute their success to the theoretical knowledge they learned from their university. Do you agree or disagree?
可用名人例：Bill Gates, Michael Dell, Steve Jobs, Mark Zuckerberg
例2：Advertising is discouraging people from being different individuals and makes people to be or seem to be the same.
Penetrate, infiltrate, facilitate, play an indispensible role in our society
一些有用的替换：
Today, Nowadays
→In recent years
→At present
→Currently
→In modern society
→In contemporary society
There are more and more…
→There is an increasing number/amount of …
→The number/amount of … is increasing/has increased.
→There is/has been an (…) increase in the number/amount of …
【使用There be句型的时候要注意不要出现两个谓语】
… is becoming more and more popular.
→… is becoming increasingly popular.
→… is gaining (worldwide) popularity.
→The popularity of … is growing/increasing.
argumentation 和argument有什么区别最简单的辨析方法就是认准这两个词的基本意义就行了：
argument：论点（指的是一种观点）
argumentation:论证（指的是一种动作或者过程）
argumentation和argument有什么区别？？argument: [ 'ɑ:gjum?nt ] . .
n. 辩论,争论,论据,理由
英文解释为1.a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true